3月3日消息，美国参议院以压倒性优势通过一项包含央行数字货币限制条款的住房改革法案，这一立法进展可能对美国未来数字美元的发展路径产生深远影响。该法案以84票赞成、6票反对获得通过，如此明显的两党支持在近年来的重大政策投票中并不常见。
这项名为《21世纪住房之路法案》的立法，是对H.R.6644号法案的替代修正方案，涵盖住房供应、住房可负担性以及金融监管等多个领域。法案由参议院银行委员会主席Tim Scott与参议员Elizabeth Warren共同提出，在住房政策与金融监管层面进行了大规模调整。
在众多条款中，最受金融科技与加密行业关注的是关于央行数字货币（CBDC）的规定。法案第十条明确提出，在没有国会明确授权的情况下，Federal Reserve不得发行美国央行数字货币。这一表述被解读为对数字美元计划设置了新的制度门槛。
近年来，美国政策制定者围绕CBDC展开了激烈讨论。一些议员担心，央行数字货币可能导致金融监控能力增强，并改变现有银行体系结构，同时对个人隐私构成潜在挑战。因此，国会内部对数字美元的监管框架一直存在明显分歧。
除了数字货币条款，该法案的核心内容仍然集中在住房改革领域。方案提出扩大住房供应、优化住房援助计划、降低监管障碍，并对预制住房规则以及抵押贷款可获得性进行调整。支持者认为，这些措施有助于缓解美国长期存在的住房供给不足问题，并改善居民购房和租房环境。
参议院此次以大幅票差通过法案，显示两党在住房政策议题上形成罕见共识。不过，由于法案同时涉及金融科技监管问题，其后续在众议院审议阶段仍可能出现新的讨论和调整。
若最终完成立法程序，该法案不仅可能成为近年来美国最重要的住房改革举措之一，也将被视为国会对数字美元以及央行数字货币监管方向的一次重要政策信号。
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