Vitalik阐述以太坊执行层路线图，重点涉及状态树与虚拟机两大变更

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Source: PANews

2026-03-02 00:06:13

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PANews 3月2日消息，以太坊联合创始人Vitalik Buterin在社交媒体上发文阐述以太坊执行层路线图，重点涉及状态树与虚拟机两大变更。状态树方面，Vitalik支持通过EIP-7864将当前的十六进制Merkle Patricia树升级为基于更高效哈希函数的二叉树。这一变化可将Merkle分支缩短4倍，降低客户端验证数据带宽成本；同时哈希函数可改用Blake3或Poseidon系列，大幅提升证明效率。二叉树设计还将存储槽分组为“页面”，使相邻存储的访问成本更低，许多DeFi应用每笔交易可节省超1万Gas。此外，二叉树结构更简单，可为未来状态过期功能预留元数据位。虚拟机方面，Vitalik提出长期方向是替换EVM，可能采用RISC-V架构。新VM需满足四个目标：原始执行效率更高，使大多数预编译不再必要；证明效率优于EVM；支持客户端侧生成ZK证明；最大限度简化代码实现。他指出，若仅停留在“EVM+GPU”层面，以太坊固然“够用”，但更好的VM能让协议变得更强大。部署路线图分三步：新VM先用于替代预编译；随后允许用户部署基于新VM的合约；最终EVM退休，转为用新VM编写的智能合约，实现完全向后兼容。

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