Ethereum Co-founder Vitalik Buterin posted on X, stating that Ethereum scaling consists of short-term and long-term components.

In the short term, the Glamsterdam upgrade will introduce block-level access lists for parallel verification; ePBS will allow a larger share of slots to be used for block validation; gas price recalibration will ensure that operation costs match their actual execution time. The multidimensional gas mechanism will be implemented gradually: initially, within Glamsterdam, the costs for "state creation" and "execution and calldata" will be separated; gas used for state creation will not be counted towards the overall block gas limit—approximately 16 million units. At the EVM level, a multidimensional "reservoir" model will be introduced: by default, specialized measurement gas is consumed first, and if it runs out, gas from the reservoir is used; later, a transition to multidimensional pricing will occur, where different measurements can have different floating gas prices.

Long-term scaling includes two directions: ZK-EVM and blob. Regarding blob, the plan is to continue iterative development of PeerDAS to achieve a throughput of around 8 MB/sec; in the future, Ethereum block data will be directly stored in blob. As for ZK-EVM, its implementation will also be phased: in 2026, validator clients supporting ZK-EVM will be introduced, allowing about 5% of the network to rely on them; in 2027, the share of nodes using ZK-EVM will be expanded to most of a small group of nodes, with formal verification also being promoted; once certain conditions are met, a "three out of five" proof mechanism will be implemented, and ultimately, the security of ZK-EVM and its level of formal verification will be continuously increased, including through work on virtual machine modifications, such as transitioning to RISC-V.