The key Node of the British-American hegemony

The key Node of the Anglo-American hegemony can be seen, and the transfer of hegemony between the UK and the US is roughly divided into several steps:

1/ Before the First World War in 1913, the United States surpassed the United Kingdom in economic strength.

In February 1929, the economic crisis that began in the United States swept the world. Germany, Italy, and Japan established right-wing fascist regimes (preparing for World War II).

In 1932, the British Empire's Imperial Preference system excluded the United States from the tariff barriers of the British Empire.

In 1939, the outbreak of World War II, under the leadership of Churchill, Britain joined the war, facing financial difficulties and had to seek help from the United States.

5/ In 1941, the United Kingdom and the United States signed the Atlantic Charter, one of the key provisions of which was national self-government, which effectively meant that Britain relinquished its legal claim to its colonies. Subsequently, the Pearl Harbor incident occurred, and the United States entered the war.

6/ In 1944, the Bretton Woods global monetary system centered on the US dollar was established.

History may not repeat, but it always rhymes.

Detailed Events:

The essence of the 1776 War of Independence was that France helped the Americans drive away the British.

In 1812, during the War of 1812, the United States tried to annex Canada (a British colony) and was attacked by Britain/Canada, resulting in the burning of the White House in Washington D.C. Both sides eventually reached a peace agreement.

In 1823, the United States announced the Monroe Doctrine, which essentially declared that it did not want European powers (mainly Britain) to intervene in the Americas, and that the United States wanted to dominate the Americas itself.

In 1861, during the American Revolutionary War, Britain secretly supported the South's attempt to secede, but the war ended with the victory of the North and the reunification of the United States. The Revolutionary War can be said to be the founding war of the United States. Britain had to acknowledge the United States' hegemony in the Americas in exchange for the United States' neutrality in European affairs.

In 1913, the United States had become the world's leading economic power, with its GDP accounting for 19% of the world's total and its foreign trade accounting for 11%.

The First World War broke out in 1914, and the United States joined the war in 1917.

In 1919, at the Paris Peace Conference, the United States, as one of the victors, tried to get on board, but was not well received by Britain and France. The newly established League of Nations did not include the United States.

In 1929, the economic crisis that started in the United States swept the world. Germany, Italy, and Japan established right-wing fascist regimes.

In 1932, the Imperial Economic Conference was held in Ottawa, which established the Imperial Preference System. The main provisions were as follows: member countries would drop or exempt tariffs on imported goods from each other, while imposing high tariffs, as high as 30%, on imported goods from non-member countries; trade among member countries would be settled in British pounds.

In 1939, Germany attacked Poland, and the Second World War broke out.

In September 1941, Roosevelt and Churchill formulated the "Atlantic Charter", which had similarities to Wilson's Fourteen Points and was an important document based on the idea of ​​the United States establishing a world order. Its basic principles were later adopted by the "United Nations Charter". At this time, in exchange for American assistance, Britain no longer opposed the principles of freedom of navigation on the high seas and national self-determination, and the British Empire began to disintegrate.

The Pearl Harbor incident broke out on December 7, 1941, and the United States declared war on Germany, Italy, and Japan the next day.

On July 1, 1944, the Bretton Woods Agreement was signed, and a new International Monetary System was established, linking the currencies of various countries to the U.S. dollar and adopting a dual exchange rate system with both the U.S. dollar and gold. The headquarters of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) was also established in Washington.