Odaily Planet Daily News Texas is the largest power generation state in the United States, with a large amount of fossil fuel and renewable energy generation. It is also one of the most important Bitcoin mining centers in the world, with a total mining capacity of approximately 1.5 GW as of August 2022. These characteristics make the state a good place for bitcoin mining to merge with the grid. The local grid operator, the Electricity Reliability Council of Texas, has been using economic incentives to align the interests of miners with those of the public.
However, these incentives, in the form of various demand response programs, have drawn criticism from local residents and lawmakers. They say the state is subsidizing an industry that is harmful to the environment and local communities.
Bitcoin mining company Riot Platforms therefore faced controversy. Riot saved $27 million in 2022 by not mining bitcoin at certain times under its demand response program. These demand response programs allow large energy consumers to disconnect power when the grid faces a surge in demand, in exchange for credits to use the power later.
Texas lawmakers recently introduced SB 1751, which seeks to cap mining industry participation in such schemes to 10 percent. The bill initially passed the state Senate but failed a House committee in May.
Riot is developing two mines in Navarro and Milan counties in Texas with a combined energy capacity of 1.7 GW. Riot claims that the Navarro mine will be the largest bitcoin mine in the world.
ERCOT data shows that 1 megawatt of electricity can usually power about 1,000 homes in the United States, but it can only power 200 homes in Texas during the summer (because it needs to use air conditioning). If complete, Riot's mine will consume enough energy to power 340,000 Texas homes during peak demand seasons.
For local resident Jackie Sawicky, Riot is capitalizing on state incentives while making citizens foot the bill. Sawicky founded and leads the Navarro County Concerned Citizens Group of 700 local residents and is involved with National Coalition Against Cryptomining, an advocacy organization active in six states.
The Navarro County Concerned Citizens Group has studied the documents in an attempt to determine Riot's impact on the community and the environment. Sawicky asked: "If Riot didn't get guarantees and subsidies from Texas taxpayers and those of us who actually pay the bills, could they continue to operate?" According to the documents, Riot lost $509.6 million in 2022, about 95% of which were due to asset impairments.
Sawicky argues that when energy demand and prices soar, energy costs exceed Riot's cost of maintaining operations, so "they shut down anyway." Sawicky’s views were supported by state Senator Lois Kolkhorst, who introduced the mining cap bill, and environmental advocates who attended a hearing on the bill.
However, Fred Thiel, CEO of Marathon Holdings, believes that miners actually contribute to the development and stability of the grid. “What most people don’t understand is that bitcoin miners are an excellent load balancer for the Texas grid, very complementary to the Texas grid. They actually provide a financial incentive for the development of more renewable energy,” he told CoinDesk in an interview. (CoinDesk)