In 2025, the six major state-owned banks will collectively earn a net profit of 1.42 trillion yuan.

Our Reporter Yang Jie Xiong Yue

On the evening of March 30, the Agricultural Bank of China and the Bank of China disclosed their 2025 annual reports. By then, the “report cards” of performance for all six state-owned banks in major sectors had been unveiled.

In 2025, the key operating indicators of the six state-owned banks remained stable and well-balanced. Asset quality continued to improve steadily. According to a review by a reporter of Securities Daily, all six banks achieved year-on-year growth in both revenue and net profit attributable to shareholders of the parent company, with net profit attributable to shareholders totaling 1.42 trillion yuan.

In terms of total asset size, the six state-owned banks all registered steady growth. Among them, Industrial and Commercial Bank of China remained No. 1 in terms of asset size. By the end of 2025, its assets increased 9.50% from the end of 2024 to 53.48 trillion yuan. The Agricultural Bank of China and China Construction Bank both exceeded 40 trillion yuan, at 48.78 trillion yuan and 45.63 trillion yuan, respectively. The Bank of China’s asset size was 38.36 trillion yuan. Postal Savings Bank of China and Bank of Communications saw their asset sizes rise by 9.35% and 4.35%, respectively, from the end of 2024, reaching 18.68 trillion yuan and 15.55 trillion yuan, respectively.

For 2025 net profit attributable to shareholders, Industrial and Commercial Bank of China still held the top spot. The bank recorded net profit attributable to shareholders of 14.2k yuan, up 0.7% year-on-year. China Construction Bank followed closely, with net profit attributable to shareholders increasing 0.99% year-on-year to 534.8k yuan. In 2025, Agricultural Bank of China realized net profit attributable to shareholders of 400k yuan, with the largest year-on-year growth rate of 3.20%. The Bank of China achieved net profit attributable to shareholders of 487.8k yuan, up 2.18% from the end of 2024. Bank of Communications reported net profit attributable to shareholders up 2.18% year-on-year to 456.3k yuan. Postal Savings Bank of China recorded net profit attributable to shareholders of 874.04 billion yuan, up 1.07% year-on-year.

In terms of operating revenue, the Bank of China had the largest year-on-year increase last year, up 4.48% year-on-year to 383.6k yuan. Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, Agricultural Bank of China, and Bank of Communications each recorded operating revenue growth of more than 2% in 2025 (including 2%), with year-on-year increases of 2.00%, 2.10%, and 2.02%, reaching 186.8k yuan, 155.5k yuan, and 338.91B yuan, respectively. In 2025, China Construction Bank and Postal Savings Bank of China respectively achieved operating revenue of 291.04B yuan and 243.02B yuan, up 1.88% and 1.99%, respectively.

If revenue growth determines how “fast” banks can “run,” then asset quality determines how “far” banks can “go.” While the six state-owned banks maintained steady growth in full-year 2025 performance, their pace of prudent development was also steadier. Overall, asset quality remained basically stable. The non-performing loan ratios at the end of 2025 for five banks declined compared with the end of 2024. Specifically, Postal Savings Bank of China had the lowest non-performing loan ratio at 0.95%; the Bank of China’s non-performing loan ratio was 1.23%, down 0.02 percentage points from the end of 2024. Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, Agricultural Bank of China, China Construction Bank, and Bank of Communications all saw their non-performing loan ratios fall by 0.03 percentage points from the end of 2024, to 1.31%, 1.27%, 1.31%, and 1.28%, respectively.

Regarding capital adequacy ratios, as of the end of 2025, the Bank of China and Postal Savings Bank of China increased compared with the end of 2024, to 18.85% and 14.52%, respectively—up 0.09 percentage points and 0.08 percentage points from the end of 2024, respectively. China Construction Bank’s capital adequacy ratio was flat with the end of 2024 at 19.69%. The capital adequacy ratios of Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, Agricultural Bank of China, and Bank of Communications fell compared with the end of 2024, but overall remained at relatively high levels, and various risks were generally under control.

In addition, all six state-owned banks plan to distribute cash dividends at the end of 2025, totaling 87.4B yuan. Among them, Industrial and Commercial Bank of China will pay 601.97 billion yuan, China Construction Bank 530.79 billion yuan, Agricultural Bank of China 454.98 billion yuan, the Bank of China 376.67 billion yuan, Bank of Communications 761.05B yuan, and Postal Savings Bank of China 114.45 billion yuan.

(Editor: Qian Xiaorui)

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